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Fig. 1 | Journal of Clinical Movement Disorders

Fig. 1

From: Physicians’ role in the determination of fitness to drive in patients with Parkinson’s disease: systematic review of the assessment tools and a call for national guidelines

Fig. 1

The model of driving behavior proposed by Michon (5). a The model of normal driving based on Michon’s driving behavior model. Drivers utilize three levels of skills in vehicle control: strategic (planning), tactical (maneuvering), and operational (control). Visual, cognitive, and motor skills are required for operations at tactical and operational levels of driving whereas visual skills are generally not required for operation at the strategic level of driving. b The model of driving behavior in Parkinson disease (PD) patients. PD compromises motor, visual, and cognitive performances in affected individuals. As a result, it is proposed that PD drivers have impairment of driving performance at all levels (operational, tactical and strategic levels). However, the severity varies with individual patients

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