Fig. 1
From: The effects of dopamine on digit span in Parkinson’s disease
Performance (mean ± SE) on Digit Span Backward and Forward. The effect of Group (PDD, PD-MCI, PD no-MCI, HC) was significant in all cases. Digit Span Forward only distinguished PDD (a and c). However, Digit Span Backward, both ON and OFF medications, successfully identified PD-MCI (b and d). Performance represents total scores as tabulated using WAIS-IV guidelines, not digit span capacity. PD = Parkinson’s disease; PDD = PD with dementia; PD-MCI = PD with mild cognitive impairment; PD no-MCI = PD with no cognitive impairment; HC = healthy controls. * = p < .05