From: Prevalence of depression in Parkinson’s disease patients in Ethiopia
Variables | Depressed | Non-depressed | Crude OR | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Handedness | ||||
Right | 56 | 43 | ref | 0.51 |
Left | 2 | - | undetermined | |
Total | 58 | 43 | ||
Age | ||||
<50 | 11 | 8 | 1.38(0.44-4.27) | 0.78 |
50-59 | 9 | 10 | 0.9(0.30-2.77) | 1.0 |
60-69 | 17 | 17 | ref | 0.18 |
70-79 | 17 | 7 | 2.43(0.80-7.35) | 0.35 |
80 and above | 4 | 1 | 4.0(0.40-39.58) | |
Total | 58 | 43 | ||
Gender | ||||
Female | 18 | 13 | 1.04(0.44-2.45) | 1.0 |
Male | 40 | 30 | ref | |
Total | 58 | 43 | ||
Marital status | ||||
Married | 39 | 36 | ref | |
Separated/divorced | 6 | - | undefined | 0.03 |
Widowed | 13 | 7 | 1.71(0.62-4.78) | 0.33 |
Total | 58 | 43 | ||
Employment | ||||
Employed | 12 | 14 | 0.54 (0.22-1.33) | 0.25 |
Unemployed | 46 | 29 | ref | |
Total | 58 | 43 | ||
Education | ||||
No formal education | 29 | 13 | ref | |
Primary | 18 | 10 | 0.80(0.29-2.22) | 0.80 |
Secondary | 6 | 12 | 0.22(0.07-0.73) | 0.02 |
More than secondary | 5 | 8 | 0.28(0.08-1.02) | 0.06 |
Total | 58 | 43 | ||
Annual income(USD) | ref | |||
<300 | 33 | 12 | 0.4(0.14-1.07) | 0.08 |
300-600 | 14 | 13 | 0.26(0.07-0.98) | 0.08 |
600-900 | 5 | 7 | ||
>900 | 6 | 11 | 0.2(0.06-0.66) | 0.01 |
Total | 58 | 43 | ||
Recent major life events | ||||
Yes | 4 | 1 | 3.11(0.34-28.88) | 0.39 |
No | 54 | 42 | ref | |
Total | 58 | 43 | ||
Previous history of depression | ||||
Yes | 2 | - | undefined | 0.5 |
No | 56 | 43 | ref | |
Total | 58 | 43 | ||
First degree family history of depression | ||||
Yes | 3 | 2 | 1.12(0.18-7.00) | 1.0 |
No | 55 | 41 | ref | |
Total | 58 | 43 | ||
Age at onset | ||||
<50 | 15 | 15 | 0.6(0.22-1.65) | 0.44 |
50-59 | 20 | 12 | ref | |
60-69 | 12 | 13 | ||
>70 | 11 | 3 | 0.55(0.19-1.60) | 0.30 |
Total | 58 | 43 | 2.2(0.51-9.51) | 0.33 |
Medication(s) taken/taking | ||||
ref | 0.12 | |||
Carbidopa-Levodopa | 0.32(0.09-1.16) | |||
Yes | 54 | 35 | ||
No | 4 | 8 | ||
Trihexyphenidyl | ||||
Yes | 29 | 19 | 1.26(0.57-2.79) | 0.69 |
No | 29 | 24 | ref | |
Antidepressant | ||||
Yes | 1 | 2 | 0.36(0.03-4.10) | 0.57 |
No | 57 | 41 | ref | |
Co-morbid medical condition(s) | ||||
Yes | 21 | 9 | 0.19-1.16 | 0.12 |
No | 37 | 34 | ref | |
Total | 58 | 43 |